Formación y Profesionalización en Medicina de Precisión y Ciencia de Datos.

Sesión 3. Medicina de Precisión y Transformación Digital del Sistema Nacional de Salud.Introducción. Formación en Medicina de Precisión. Profesionalización de Ciencia en Datos.N

Liderazgo en investigación en enfermería y salud digital

Conferencia presentada en las IV Jornadas de Cuidados en Quirón Salud (Toledo, 21-22 de noviembre de 2019)Qué es el liderazgo. Liderazgo en Investigación en enfermería. Investen-isciii. Liderazgo en Investigación y profesionalismo en Salud Digital. Ejemplos de liderazgo. La Convergencia de la Revolución Digital y la Medicina. Liderazgo de los pacientes Salud Participativa. Profesionalismo en Salud Digital. La Informática Biomédica y de la Salud. Las profesiones y sus elementos definitorios. Situación en España.N

El Exposoma Humano y la Epidemiología: Hacia la Salud de Precisión

Presentación sobre: Historia y definición del concepto Exposoma. Exposoma y Epidemiología. Retos en el procesamiento de datos. Áreas de investigación. Hacia la Salud de PrecisiónN

Essays on economic development and political economy: Evidence from Latin America.

This thesis presents three papers that contribute to our understanding of economic development. In particular, I explore the role of natural resources and political actors on economic development and provide empirical evidence from Latin America. Chapter 1 draws on joint work with Juan Pablo Rud. In this chapter we study the impact of a large Peruvian gold mine on the local population. Using annual household data from 1997 to 2006, we find evidence of a positive effect of the mine's demand of local inputs on real income, household welfare and poverty reduction. The effects are only present in the mine's supply market and surrounding areas. We examine and rule out that the results are driven by the fiscal revenue windfall from mining levies. Using a spatial general equilibrium model, we interpret these results as evidence of welfare gains generated by the mine's backward linkages. Chapter 2 explores empirically the effect of party nomination procedures on political selection and governance. Using a new data set of Latin American parties, I find evidence of a positive relationship between primaries, electoral performance and quality of government. I interpret these results as evidence of primaries improving political selection. To address relevant identification concerns, I use an instrumental variable approach based on determinants suggested by a model of endogenous primaries, which I test on the data. Chapter 3 studies the role of costly taxation as an explanation of the flypaper effect: the observed greater response of public spending to grants than to increments of the tax base. I develop a model of local spending with costly taxation and test the model using data from Peruvian municipalities. I find that differences in tax collection costs explain almost one third of the flypaper effect

Patient-reported outcomes and therapeutic affordances of social media findings from a global online survey of people with chronic pain

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from social media use in chronic disease management continue to emerge. While many published articles suggest the potential for social media is positive, there is a lack of robust examination into mediating mechanisms that might help explain social media’s therapeutic value. This study presents findings from a global online survey of people with chronic pain (PWCP) to better understand how they use social media as part of self-management. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to improve understanding of the various health outcomes reported by PWCP by paying close attention to therapeutic affordances of social media. We wish to examine if demographics of participants underpin health outcomes and whether the concept of therapeutic affordances explains links between social media use and PROs. The goal is for this to help tailor future recommendations for use of social media to meet individuals’ health needs and improve clinical practice of social media use. METHODS: A total of 231 PWCP took part in a global online survey investigating PROs from social media use. Recruited through various chronic disease entities and social networks, participants provided information on demographics, health/pain status, social media use, therapeutic affordances, and PROs from use. Quantitative analysis was performed on the data using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and cluster analysis. RESULTS: The total dataset represented 218 completed surveys. The majority of participants were university educated (67.0%, 146/218) and female (83.9%, 183/218). More than half (58.7%, 128/218) were married/partnered and not working for pay (75.9%, 88/116 of these due to ill health). Fibromyalgia (46.6%, 55/118) and arthritis (27.1%, 32/118) were the most commonly reported conditions causing pain. Participants showed a clear affinity for social network site use (90.0%, 189/210), followed by discussion forums and blogs. PROs were consistent, suggesting that social media positively impact psychological, social, and cognitive health. Analysis also highlighted two strong correlations linking platform used and health outcomes (particularly psychological, social, and cognitive) to (1) the narrative affordance of social media and (2) frequency of use of the platforms. CONCLUSIONS: Results did not uncover definitive demographics or characteristics of PWCP for which health outcomes are impacted. However, findings corroborate literature within this domain suggesting that there is a typical profile of people who use social media for health and that social media are more suited to particular health outcomes. Exploration of the relationship between social media’s therapeutic affordances and health outcomes, in particular the narration affordance, warrants further attention by patients and clinicians

Repair of complete bilateral cleft lip with severely protruding premaxilla performing a premaxillary setback and vomerine ostectomy in one stage surgery

Background: The authors present a technique for selected cases of CBCL. The primary repair of the CBCL with a severely protruding premaxilla in one stage surgery is very difficult, essentially because a good muscular apposition is difficult, forcing synchronously to do a premaxillary setback to facilitate subsequent bilateral lip repair and, thus, achieving satisfactory results. We achieve this by a reductive ostectomy on the vomero- premaxillary suture. Material and Methods: 4 patients with CBCL and severely protruding premaxilla underwent premaxillary setback by vomerine ostectomy at the same time of lip repair in the past 24 months. The extent of premaxillary setback varied between 9 and 16 mm. The required amount of bone was removed anterior to the vomero-premaxillary suture. The authors did an additional simultaneous gingivoperiosteoplasty in all patients, achieving an enough stability of the premaxilla in its new position, to be able to close the alveolar gap bilaterally. The authors have examined the position of premaxilla and dental arch between 6 and 24 months. We did not do the primary nose correction, because this increased the risk of impairment of the already compromised vascularity of the philtrum and premaxilla. Results : The follow-up period ranged between 6 and 24 months. None of the patients had any major complication. During follow-up, the premaxilla was minimally mobile. We achieved a good lip repair in all cases: adequate muscle repair, symmetry of the lip, prolabium and Cupid’s bow, as well as good scars. Conclusions : To our knowledge, there are few reports of one stage surgery with vomerine ostectomy to repair CBCL with severely protruding premaxilla. Doing this vomerine ostectomy, we don’t know how it will affect the subsequent growth of the premaxila and restrict the natural maxillary growth. Applying this alternative treatment for children with CBCL and protruded premaxilla without any preoperative orthopedic, we can successfully perform, in a single-stage surgery, a good primary lip repair at our center. Further confirmations of this surgery with follow up and anthropometric studies of these patients during childhood and adolescence are require

Spin reorientation and metamagnetic transitions in R F e0.5 C r0.5 O3 perovskites (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)

In this work we present the magnetic structures and spin reorientation (SR) transitions of the mixed orthochromite-orthoferrite perovskites RFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er). Magnetization as a function of temperature and external magnetic field as well as neutron powder diffraction measurements were used to characterize the magnetic transitions, including the SR transitions in the transition metal sublattice and the ordering of the rare earth sublattice. The studied compounds order antiferromagnetically below 270 K in a Gx configuration compatible with the Γ4 representation. As temperature decreases, all the compounds show a SR transition from Gx (Γ4) to Gz (Γ2). This transition occurs in a wide temperature range, where both magnetic configurations coexist. Below this SR, the behavior in each case depends on the rare earth. HoFe0.5Cr0.5O3 shows Ho3+ sublattice ordering at a relatively high temperature (45 K). DyFe0.5Cr0.5O3 and ErFe0.5Cr0.5O3 show a second SR transition of the transition metal sublattice, from Gz (Γ2) to Gy (Γ1) at low temperatures (15 and 8 K, respectively). Below these temperatures a metamagnetic (MM) transition is observed for these two compounds at an external magnetic field of H ≈ 7 kOe. The fact that this is only observed for compounds showing Gz (Γ2) to Gy (Γ1) transition suggests that there is a correlation between the Gy (Γ1) order and the MM transition. Finally, TbFe0.5Cr0.5O3 is a peculiar case, since it is the only compound in this family that shows a re-entrant SR to Gx (Γ4) at very low temperatures. By combining these results with previous reports on RFeO3, RCrO3, and RFe0.5Cr0.5O3, we develop a method to qualitatively estimate the SR temperature and the type of transition. We also propose a complete magnetic phase diagram containing the SR transitions and R3+ ordering temperatures for all the RFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) compounds.Fil: Bolletta, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Pomiro, Fernando. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Física del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Física del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Rodolfo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; ArgentinaFil: Pomjakushin, Vladimir. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Aurelio, Gabriela. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Física de Metales; ArgentinaFil: Maignan, Antoine. Université de Caen Normandie; FranciaFil: Martin, Christine. Université de Caen Normandie; FranciaFil: Carbonio, Raul Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Multi-environmental trials reveal genetic plasticity of oat agronomic traits associated with climate variable changes

Although oat cultivation around the Mediterranean basin is steadily increasing, its yield in these regions lags far behind those of Northern Europe. This results mainly from the poor adaptation of current oat cultivars to Mediterranean environments. Local landraces may act as reservoirs of favorable traits that could contribute to increase oat resilience in this region. To aid selection of suitable agro-climate adapted genotypes we integrated genome-wide association approaches with analysis of field assessed phenotypes of genetic variants and of the weight of associated markers across different environmental variables. Association models accounting for oat population structure were applied on either arithmetic means or best linear unbiased prediction (BLUPs) to ensure robust identification of associations with the agronomic traits evaluated. The meta-analysis of the six joint environments (mega-environment) identified several markers associated with several agronomic traits and crown rust severity. Five of these associated markers were located within expressed genes. These associations were only mildly influenced by climatic variables indicating that these markers are good candidates to improve the genetic potential of oat under Mediterranean conditions. The models also highlighted several marker-trait associations, strongly affected by particular climatic variables including high rain pre- or post-heading dates and high temperatures, revealing strong potential for oat adaptation to specific agro-climatic conditions. These results will contribute to increase oat resilience for particular climatic conditions and facilitate breeding for plant adaptation to a wider range of climatic conditions in the current scenario of climate change